DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN JAMMU AND KASHMIR: A CRITICAL REVIEW

Abstract

Jammu and Kashmir, celebrated as "Paradise on Earth" and "City of Temples," boasts a rich educational legacy intertwined with its cultural and historical tapestry. This paper meticulously reviews the trajectory of higher education development in the Kashmir and Jammu Divisions across pre- and post-independence periods. Beginning with the unification under Maharaja Gulab Singh in 1846, the region's educational landscape evolved significantly with influences from Sanskrit scholars, Islamic traditions, and Christian missionaries. Key milestones include the establishment of modern schools and colleges, reformative efforts like the Sharp Committee recommendations, and the establishment of the University of Jammu and Kashmir in 1948. Post-independence, educational reforms intensified with initiatives for women's education, free education policies, and the establishment of universities and colleges across both divisions. The analysis underscores the socio-political factors shaping educational reforms and highlights challenges such as unemployment among educated youth and the need for skill development. Despite these challenges, recent initiatives aim to transform Jammu and Kashmir into a hub of academic excellence through enhanced infrastructure, digital education, and policy reforms aligned with the National Education Policy 2020. The study concludes by emphasizing the imperative of sustained efforts to overcome challenges and leverage opportunities for inclusive and quality-driven higher education in Jammu and Kashmir.